White House officials accuse Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell of mismanaging its building renovations, which cost $700 million more than expected. Office of Management and Budget Director Russell Vought sent Powell a letter taking issue with the cost overruns and certain statements from a Senate hearing last month.
Until now, the White House’s attacks on U.S. Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell consisted mostly of criticisms and the occasional insult. But in the last several days, the attacks have morphed into a quasi-legal effort that could end with Powell losing his job.
After years of openly criticizing Powell, in defiance of decades of established precedent, President Donald Trump is now escalating his attacks from jawboning over interest rates to the sort of Washington D.C. machinations that foreshadow a head-on collision. The latest attacks against Powell hinge on allegations, made in the last several days, that he is mismanaging the renovations of the Federal Reserve’s Marriner S. Eccles Building.
The current construction costs are $2.5 billion, roughly $700 million more than initially allocated for, according to the Fed’s latest budget.
The criticisms about the renovation plans appear to be the start of an effort to prosecute the case that Powell should be removed from his role for cause. Trump administration officials’ allegations come in two forms: First are claims the Federal Reserve’s renovation plans are over budget, and therefore indicative of poor management. The second complaint from the White House is certain revisions made to the original 2021 plan, which the Fed says it did to lower costs, differed from preapproved renovation plans by the National Capital Planning Commission, potentially breaking government rules.
Crucial to this political pincer maneuver is the NCPC, the government agency in charge of urban planning in Washington D.C., and Russell Vought, director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). On Thursday Vought sent Powell a letter detailing his concerns about the renovation project’s cost overruns. Vought’s letter included a set of questions that focused on some of the flashier elements of the project, including a private dining room and a rooftop garden.
A day later, the Fed published a new post on the Frequently Asked Questions portion of its website. It said the cost increase stemmed from higher-than-forecasted prices for labor and materials, repeated reviews from government agencies, and unforeseen events like finding more asbestos than expected in the building.
On Monday, Powell instructed the Fed’s Inspector General Michael Horowitz to review the renovation project, according to Axios.
The renovation concerns come at a time of mounting tensions between the White House and the Fed over the central bank’s pause to interest rate cuts. Since returning to office Trump has repeatedly shared his perspective on monetary policy, despite a decades-old expectation that the Fed be free from political interference. White House spokesperson Kush Desai said Trump could both push for lower rates and “ensure that taxpayer money is not wasted” with the renovation. When reached for comment, the Federal Reserve directed Fortune to its website.
In addition to the multibillion-dollar costs and the budget overruns, part of the White House’s case hinges on allegations the Fed did not follow procedural rules in which it would have required approval from the NCPC to make changes to its plans. Vought, in his letter to the Fed, cited Powell’s Senate testimony in which he said there would be no “new VIP dining rooms” or “new water features” and “new marble” as part of the Eccles building refurbishing.
In Vought’s view, that testimony was problematic. If those features were indeed included in the project, when Powell said they weren’t he may have misled Congress. If the features, which were mentioned in the original renovation plans for the Eccles building, are no longer being included then Powell may have violated rules that require agencies to clear changes to architectural designs with the NCPC.
Much of the disagreement will hinge on individuals’ definition of the term “new.” For example, there is a private dining area on the fourth floor of the building that is slated to be redone, according to the plans. However, a “new” dining room is not being constructed. The same goes for an elevator that leads guests to the private dining area. Parts of the original plan, such as the water features and a design for a rooftop garden, were scaled back or eliminated altogether, according to the Federal Reserve’s website. However, those alterations did not rise to the level of “substantial changes” to plans that would warrant a review from the NCPC. The Fed also said it does not consider itself “subject to direction” from the NCPC for its own construction projects.
During his Senate testimony, Powell had taken issue with characterizations of the remodeling efforts.
“Media reports are misleading and inaccurate in many many respects,” Powell said. “All of the inflammatory things the media carried are either not in the current plan or just inaccurate.”
Spearheading much of the public criticism on the renovation are Vought and Kevin Hassett, director of the National Economic Council. In an interview on Friday, Vought called the project a “monstrosity.” A day later, Hassett said the president did have the authority to fire Powell for cause.
Both top economic advisors to the Trump administration agree with the president’s allegations that interest rates should be lower and that Powell is solely responsible for their current levels. Interest rate levels are voted on by the 12-person Federal Open Market Committee during one of their eight meetings over the course of the calendar year. For his part, Powell has always maintained interest rates have not come down because the U.S. has the luxury of waiting to see what will happen in the economy during a period of high uncertainty.
Powell’s patience has incited Trump to no end since his second term began. The irony is much of the uncertainty spiked in the aftermath of Trump’s signature tariff policy. Powell said interest rates would likely already be lower were it not for tariffs. On Friday, Trump told reporters he would not fire Powell and interest rates should be “three points lower.”
With the construction plans now caught in the crossfire of D.C. politics, Powell told senators he realized the Eccles building needed refurbishing before he became chair.
“No one in office wants to do a major renovation of a historic building during their term in office,” Powell said. “Much prefer to leave that to your successors. This is a great example why.”
